By and until
Do you have difficulties remembering when to use “by” and when to use “until”? Try to complete the following sentences with the correct preposition. (You can find the answers below).
- I’m on holiday by / until next Friday.
- I have to be finished by / until 9:00.
Did you complete both sentences correctly? If you did, congratulations! If you’re still a bit unsure, the following explanation should help you understand the difference.
By
By plus a time means “not later than.” It is often used to indicate a deadline. It focuses on the ending of an activity or situation.
Look at the following examples:
- Please hand in the report by Wednesday.
- I have to be at the airport by 9.30 because my flight leaves at 11.00.
- I put the contract in the post today, so they should receive it by Monday.
- Tell me by tomorrow lunch time whether you would like to work on the project.
Until
Until tells us how long a situation continues. It focuses on the activity or situation itself, not the ending of of the activity or situation.
Look at the following examples:
- I will work until I’m 65.
- I can’t leave the office until my boss returns.
- I will be on a business trip until Wednesday.
- Our English course lasts until 5.00pm.
Answers: 1. I’m on holiday until next Friday. 2. I have to be finished by 9:00.
Now try this quiz:
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Good exercise for me