Giving Instructions (The imperative)

Forming the Imperative

We often use the imperative form to give instructions in English. This is formed with the infinitive of the verb without “to”.

• Take a seat.
• Turn left.
• Go straight on.

It is also possible to add the word “you”.

• When you enter the room, you take a seat.
• You turn left
• You go straight on

The negative is formed by adding “Don’t” or “Do not”.

• Don’t turn right. / Do not turn right.
• Don’t touch the surface. / Do not touch the surface.
• Don’t switch off the light. / Do not switch off the light.

You can add force to the negative form by adding “mustn’t”.

• Don’t switch on the gas.
• You mustn’t switch on the gas.

Sequencing

We often use sequencing words when giving a series of instructions.

How to make a cup of tea:

• Firstly, put a tea bag in your cup.
• Secondly, fill up the kettle.
• Thirdly, switch the kettle on.
• Then wait for the water to boil.
• Once the water has boiled, pour the boiling water over the tea bag.
• Then wait for a few minutes.
• When the tea is ready, remove the tea bag.
• Finally, enjoy your cup of tea.

It is also possible to add the word “You”.

How to make a cup of tea.

• Firstly, you put a tea bag in your cup.
• Secondly, you fill up the kettle.
• Etc.

Saying how

Look at the following examples.

• Choose an option by ticking the appropriate box.
• Use pair of scissors to cut open the packet.
• If you want extra milk, press the button.

Explaining why

Look at the following examples.

• Take a pullover, otherwise you will get cold.
• Read the instructions carefully, otherwise you will have problems.
• Turn down the music after midnight, so that you don’t annoy your neighbours.

Softening instructions

Sometimes the imperative form can seem a little direct, especially when you are speaking. You can soften instructions in the following ways:

• Sit down!
• Could you sit down, please.

• To make colour copies, select the colour option.
• If you want to make colour copies, you need to select the colour option.

• If you have computer problems, speak to the IT department.
  If you have computer problems, you can speak to the IT department.

• Don’t turn right.
• You don’t need to turn right.

• Don’t go straight on.
• You don’t have to go straight on.