Giving Instructions (The imperative)
Forming the Imperative
We often use the imperative form to give instructions in English. This is formed with the infinitive of the verb without “to”.
- Take a seat.
- Turn left.
- Go straight on.
It is also possible to add the word “you”.
- When you enter the room, you take a seat.
- You turn left
- You go straight on
The negative is formed by adding “Don’t” or “Do not”.
- Don’t turn right. / Do not turn right.
- Don’t touch the surface. / Do not touch the surface.
- Don’t switch off the light. / Do not switch off the light.
You can add force to the negative form by adding “mustn’t”.
- Don’t switch on the gas.
- You mustn’t switch on the gas.
Sequencing
We often use sequencing words when giving a series of instructions.
How to make a cup of tea:
- Firstly, put a tea bag in your cup.
- Secondly, fill up the kettle.
- Thirdly, switch the kettle on.
- Then wait for the water to boil.
- Once the water has boiled, pour the boiling water over the tea bag.
- Then wait for a few minutes.
- When the tea is ready, remove the tea bag.
- Finally, enjoy your cup of tea.
It is also possible to add the word “You”.
How to make a cup of tea.
- Firstly, you put a tea bag in your cup.
- Secondly, you fill up the kettle.
- Etc.
Saying how
Look at the following examples.
- Choose an option by ticking the appropriate box.
- Use pair of scissors to cut open the packet.
- If you want extra milk, press the button.
Explaining why
Look at the following examples.
- Take a pullover, otherwise you will get cold.
- Read the instructions carefully, otherwise you will have problems.
- Turn down the music after midnight, so that you don’t annoy your neighbours.
Softening instructions
Sometimes the imperative form can seem a little direct, especially when you are speaking. You can soften instructions in the following ways:
- Sit down!
- Could you sit down, please.
- To make colour copies, select the colour option.
- If you want to make colour copies, you need to select the colour option.
- If you have computer problems, speak to the IT department.
If you have computer problems, you can speak to the IT department.
- Don’t turn right.
- You don’t need to turn right.
- Don’t go straight on.
- You don’t have to go straight on.